Critical density of the Universe

The Hubble constant (H) is also important in predicting the ultimate fate of our universe, related to the concept of its critical density.

The velocity of recession of a galaxy can be considered as its escape velocity from the rest of the Universe

By Hubble's formula:
Velocity of recession (v) = HR where R is the distance of the galaxy.

But the escape velocity is given by the formula:

Escape velocity (v) = [2GM/R]^1/2 so v² = 2GM/R

where G is the gravitational constant (see Gravitation section)

Therefore:
v² = 2GM/R = [2Gr4/3]pR³]/R = 8/3[GrpR²]

But from the first equation v²= H²R² and so:




[We have assumed both constant v and a constant value of the Hubble constant (H) in this simplified calculation.]
If the density of the Universe is greater than this the universe will contract, if it is less it will expand for ever!